#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h> // for getopt
#include <getopt.h> // for getopt_long
#include <string.h> // for strcpy
#include "tricorn_V0.h"
#include "tricorn_V1.h"
#include "tricorn_V2.h"
#include "tricorn_V3.h"
#include "tricorn_V4.h"

void save_bmp(const char *filename, unsigned char *img, size_t width, ssize_t height,_Bool color);

unsigned tests(void) {
    return 0;
    // run the tests
} 

void benchmarking(void) {
    // do the benchmarking
}
// REMOVE LATER: interesting test command  ./tricorn -s -2.0,0.6 -r 0.0010  -n 200 -d 1920,1080 -o image.bmp  -C
// AND FOR NEGATIVE HEIGHT: ./tricorn -s -2,-0.5 -r 0.0010  -n 200 -d 1920,-1080 -o image.bmp  -C 
const char* help_messsage = "Help Message\n\n"
                "Usage:\n"
                "   ./tricorn [OPTIONS]\n\n"
                "Options:\n"
                "-V <number>\n"
                "   Selects the implementation to use.\n"
                "   -V 0 uses the main implementation.\n"
                "   If no argument is given, -V 0 is used.\n"
                "   Example: -V 1\n\n"
                "-B <number>\n"
                "   Benchmarks the selected implementation.\n"
                "   The argument chooses how many times the function is called.\n"
                "   Example: -B 5\n\n"
                "-s <real>,<imaginary>\n"
                "   Sets the starting point of the function.\n"
                "   Example: -s -2.0,1.5\n\n"
                "-d <width>,<height>\n"
                "   Sets the width and the height of the generated image.\n"
                "   Example: -d 800,600\n\n"
                "-n <number>\n"
                "   Sets the maximum number of iterations per pixel.\n"
                "   Example: -n 255\n\n"
                "-r <floating-point number>\n"
                "   Sets the resolution per pixel.\n"
                "   Example: -r 0.01\n\n"
                "-o <filename>\n"
                "   Sets the output file name.\n"
                "   The file name must end with .bmp\n"
                "   Example: -o image.bmp\n\n"
                "-C, --color\n"
                "   Enables colored output.\n\n"
                "-h, --help\n"
                "   Displays the help message and exits.\n\n"
                "-t, --test\n"
                "   Runs the tests, prints the results, and exists.\n";

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    int opt_long; 
    // will be the returned optional character, 
    // example:  ./main -c     ->  opt_long here will be the optional 'c'

    const char* optstring = "V:B:s:d:n:r:o:Cht" ;
    // valid options that can be given to the programme. options with ":" after them expect an argument, which we'll later store in <char *optarg>
    // example:  B: <number>   ->  optional B expects an argument after it, and is valid    -> ./main -B 67 (optarg is now "67")
    // example:  h -> optional h doesn't expect an argument -> ./main -h

    // optind -> keeps track of the next index. initialised as 1 in the beginning. calling opt_long updates it every time

    // optarg -> is a charptr. stores the arguments given to the optionals

    static struct option long_options[] = {
        {"color",0,0,'C'},
        {"help",0,0,'h'},
        {"test",0,0,'t'},
        {0,0,0,0}
    };
    // these are the long optionals, which we can call with double "--".  "--help" or "--test". they are converted to the optionals "h" and "t" respectively
    // first argument is "name" -> name of the long. "--<name>"
    // second is "has_arg" -> 0 if no arg, 1 if arg, 2 if optional arg
    // third is "*flag" -> sets a flag so that "--help" simply returns "h" and does nothing else
    // fourth is "val" -> what to return when "--help" is given, returns "h"



    int version_to_use = 0; // actual initial value
    _Bool colored = 0; // actual initial value

    unsigned amount_function_called = 0; // initial values, so that the compiler doesn't complain
    unsigned n = 0;
    float starting_point_real = 0;
    float starting_point_imaginary = 0;
    size_t width = 0;
    ssize_t height = 0;
    float resolution = 0;
    char* output_data = 0;


    opt_long = getopt_long(argc,argv,optstring, long_options, NULL); 
    // first four arguments are self-explanatory, fifth argument is the index of which long_option we return in the struct "long_options", but it's irrelevant so we set it to NULL
    while (opt_long != -1)
    {   
        switch (opt_long)
        {
        case 'V': // done, function needed
            version_to_use = strtol(optarg,NULL,10);
            printf("version is %d\n", version_to_use);
            // call different version functions

            // Die Implementierung, die verwendet werden soll. Hierbei soll mit
            // -V 0 Ihre Hauptimplementierung verwendet werden. Wenn diese Option nicht
            // gesetzt wird, soll ebenfalls die Hauptimplementierung ausgeführt werden
            break;
        
        case 'B': // done, function needed
            // wird die Laufzeit der angegebenen Implementierung gemessen und ausgegeben (do this later)
            amount_function_called = strtoul(optarg,NULL,10);
            benchmarking();
            printf("amount function called is %d\n", amount_function_called);
            // call benchmarking function

            // Das Argument dieser Option gibt die Anzahl an Wiederholungen des Funktionsaufrufs an, z. B.-B 5 .
            return EXIT_FAILURE;

        case 's':
            char* imaginary_string;
            starting_point_real = strtof(optarg,&imaginary_string); // split into two
            starting_point_imaginary = strtof(imaginary_string + 1,NULL); // this is horrible
            printf("real %f, img %f\n", starting_point_real,starting_point_imaginary);
            
            
            // s <Realteil>,<Imaginärteil> — Startpunkt der Berechnung
            break;
            
        case 'd':
            char* height_string;
            width = strtol(optarg,&height_string,10);
            height = strtol(height_string + 1,NULL,10);
            printf("width %zu, height %zd\n", width,height);
            // -d <Zahl>,<Zahl> —Breite und Höhe des Bildausschnitts
            break;

        case 'n':
            n = strtol(optarg,NULL,10);
            printf("n:%d\n",n);
            // -n <Zahl> —MaximaleAnzahlanIterationen pro Bildpixel 
            break;

        case 'r':
            resolution = strtof(optarg,NULL);
            printf("r:%f\n", resolution);
            // r <Floating Point Zahl> —Schrittweite pro Bildpixel
            break;

        case 'o':
            output_data = malloc(strlen(optarg) + 1);
            strcpy(output_data,optarg);
            printf("output data: %s\n", output_data); // test
            // -o <Dateiname> —Ausgabedatei
            break;

        case 'C': // done
            colored = 1;
            printf("colored:%d\n",colored);
            // C|--color —Farbausgabe
            break;

        case 'h': // done
            printf("%s",help_messsage);
            // print help message
            // Eine Beschreibung aller Optionen des Programms und Verwendungsbeispiele werden ausgegeben und das Programm danach beendet. 
            // Die Beschreibung soll mit "Help Message" anfangen.
            return EXIT_SUCCESS;

        case 't': // done, function needed
            // Führt eine vordefinierte Testsuite aus, welche sämtliche von Ihnen
            // verwendete Benchmarking-Szenarien gesammelt durchläuft. Das Programm gibt
            // die jeweiligen Parameter, eine kurze Beschreibungen sowie die Ergebnisse in einer
            // übersichtlichen und gut lesbaren Form aus und terminiert anschließend.
            return tests() ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;

        default: // idk
            // case '?' -> when the argument is not valid
            fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: Invalid argument -%c:\n",optopt);
            // print error msg
            return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }

        opt_long = getopt_long(argc,argv,optstring, long_options, NULL); 
    }

    float complex complexA = (starting_point_real + starting_point_imaginary*I);
    int bytesPerColour = colored ? 3 : 1;
    
    ssize_t absolute_height = height >= 0 ? height : height * - 1;
    unsigned char *tempArr = malloc(width*absolute_height*bytesPerColour);// allocate image array on the heap to support large images as the stack is usually only 8 MB big
    if(tempArr == NULL) {
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    
    printf("yashar\n");
    switch (version_to_use)
    {
        case 0:
            // Uses highly optimized SIMD version
            tricorn_V0(complexA,width,height,resolution,n,colored,tempArr);
            break;
        case 1: 
            // Uses unoptimized SIMD version
            tricorn_V1(complexA,width,height,resolution,n,colored,tempArr);
            break;
        case 2:
            // Uses optimized SISD version
            tricorn_V2(complexA,width,height,resolution,n,colored,tempArr);
            break;
        case 3:
            // Uses unoptimised comparison implementation
            tricorn_V3(complexA,width,height,resolution,n,colored,tempArr);
            break;
        case 4:
            // Uses non SIMD threaded version
            tricorn_V4(complexA,width,height,resolution,n,colored,tempArr);
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    printf("yashar\n");
    save_bmp(output_data,tempArr,width,height,colored);
    
    free(output_data);
    free(tempArr);
    return 0;
}


void save_bmp(const char *filename, unsigned char *img, size_t width, ssize_t height,_Bool color) {
    // Open a file at the filepath given as a stream in the program
    FILE *fptr = fopen(filename,"wb");

    if(fptr == NULL) { // Chech for errors with opening the file stream
        fprintf(stderr,"ERROR: Could not open output file at %s\n.",filename);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    size_t bytesPerColor = color ? 3 : 1;


    int actual_height = (height < 0) ? -height : height; // Calculate absolute height for iteration and calculation purposes
    size_t row_padding = (4 - (width * bytesPerColor) % 4) % 4; // Calculate padding for each row as .bmp is 4 bytes aligned
    size_t row_width = width * bytesPerColor + row_padding; // Calculate row width with padding

    size_t image_size = actual_height * row_width;
    size_t file_size = image_size + 54; // File size = Image Size + Headers
    size_t header_offset = color ? 54 : 1078; // If colored then offset = 54 if not we add offset = 54 + 1024; 1024 Bytes for color pallete


    // File header - contains information about the file
    unsigned char file_header[14] = { 
        'B', 'M',           // BM - identifies file as a .bmp file
        0, 0, 0, 0,         // 4 bytes for file size - will be set later
        0, 0, 0, 0,         // Reserved
        0, 0, 0, 0         // 4 bytes that specify the offset where the image array begins
    };

    // Serialize the size into 4 bytes - (unsigned char) takes only bottom 4 bytes 1 2 3 4
    file_header[2] = (unsigned char)(file_size); 
    file_header[3] = (unsigned char)(file_size >> 8);
    file_header[4] = (unsigned char)(file_size >> 16);
    file_header[5] = (unsigned char)(file_size >> 24);

    file_header[10] = (unsigned char)(header_offset);
    file_header[11] = (unsigned char)(header_offset >> 8);

    // Info header - contains information about the image itself
    unsigned char info_header[40] = { 
        40, 0, 0, 0,        // Size of this header    
        0, 0, 0, 0,         // Width in pixels - set later
        0, 0, 0, 0,         // Height in pixels - set later
        1, 0,               // Number of color planes - always 1
        bytesPerColor * 8, 0,              // Number of bits per pixel or color depth
        0, 0, 0, 0,         // Compression method - 0 for no compression
        0, 0, 0, 0,         // Image size - set later
        0x13, 0x0B, 0, 0,   // Horizontal resolution in pixels per metre - Set to standart 72 pixels per inch
        0x13, 0x0B, 0, 0,   // Vertical resolution in pixels per metre - Set to standart 72 pixels per inch
        0, 0, 0, 0,         // Number of colors in the color pallete - 0 for default of 2^n where n is bits per pixel
        0, 0, 0, 0          // Number of important colors - 0 for all colors important
    };

    // Setting width
    info_header[4] = (unsigned char)(width);
    info_header[5] = (unsigned char)(width >> 8);
    info_header[6] = (unsigned char)(width >> 16);
    info_header[7] = (unsigned char)(width >> 24);

    // Setting height
    uint32_t h = (uint32_t)height; 
    info_header[8] = (unsigned char)(h);
    info_header[9] = (unsigned char)(h >> 8);
    info_header[10] = (unsigned char)(h >> 16);
    info_header[11] = (unsigned char)(h >> 24);

    // Setting image size
    info_header[20] = (unsigned char)(image_size);
    info_header[21] = (unsigned char)(image_size >> 8);
    info_header[22] = (unsigned char)(image_size >> 16);
    info_header[23] = (unsigned char)(image_size >> 24);

    // Write headers into file
    //size_t fwrite(const void ptr[restrict .size * .n], size_t size, size_t n, FILE *restrict stream);
    fwrite(file_header,1,14,fptr); 
    fwrite(info_header,1,40,fptr);


    //If image is grayscale write color dictionary to tell reader what color to visualise for each value
    // Row 0 - Value 0: [R=0;B=0;G=0]
    // ...
    //Row i - Value i: [R=i;B=i;G=i]
    if (!color) {
        unsigned char palette[1024];
        for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
            palette[i * 4 + 0] = i; // B
            palette[i * 4 + 1] = i; // G
            palette[i * 4 + 2] = i; // R
            palette[i * 4 + 3] = 0; // Reserved (Padding)
        }
        fwrite(palette, 1, 1024, fptr);
    }

    // Save padding bytes as array so we can write from it easily to the file later
    unsigned char padding_bytes[3] = {0, 0, 0}; 
    
    for(int i = 0; i < actual_height; i++) {
        // Write whole row of pixels - img + (i * width * 3) is the position of the row in the image array
        // size = 3 as we are interpreting every pixel as an object
        fwrite(img + (i * width * bytesPerColor), bytesPerColor, width, fptr); 
        if(row_padding > 0) {
            fwrite(padding_bytes,1,row_padding,fptr); // Write row_padding number of padding bytes to the file stream
        }
    }
    
    fclose(fptr);
}